India mungdan hta lawan ladan rawt jat wa nga ai hpaga lam hta, grau nna Pune hte Chennai zawn re ai mawdaw hte hpaga lam kaba ni hta,shingran katsi ai bungli sharagaw -htuk manu ai galaw shapraw ai lam hpe lu la na matu ahkyak ai arung arai langai mi rai nga ai. Raitim, welding galaw ai lam hta byin pru wa chye ai hkrit tsang hpa ni-dai hta wan n-gun hte hkrat sum ai, jak rung kaw na hkala nba hkrum ai, wan hkru ai, wan hkru ai lam ni lawm ai-ni gaw, Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) hte Factories Act, 1948, operator ni masat da ai tara ni hpe atsawm sha hkan sa ra ai.
Ndai hkum tsup ai lam matsun laika hta, Indian engineer ni hte bungli galaw ai ni chye da ai tatut galaw mai ai masat masa ni hpe lawm ai, projection welding bungli galaw ai shara ni a matu madung shimlam ladat manga hpe hkrak tup tsun dan da ai, dai hte rau, aten shagu gram lajang ai lam, lawan ladan galaw ai lam, manu jahpu{0}}akyu ara hpe sawk sagawn ai lam ni hte seng nna ahkyak ai daw ni hpe mung tsun dan da ai.
I. Wan n-gun shim lum lam: BIS-htap htuk ai "Wan n-gun n-gun shayawm ai lam"
Hpa baw projection welding galaw ai shaloi mung, wan n-gun shim lum lam hpe madung myit tsang ra ai. Electrode ni hta na secondary voltage gaw, n-gun grai yawm ai raitim, primary circuit a voltage grai law ai hte insulation hkrat sum ai majaw, grai kaba ai hkrit tsang hpa ni byin chye ai.
1. Insulation hpe ninghkap lu ai atsam hte lamu ga hpe n-gun jaw ra ai lam ni
Indian Standard IS 4804 (Daw 1) hta tsun da ai hte maren, n-gun madun ai n-gun dat jak a n-gun dat a n-gun dat a lapran na n-gun dat n-gun gaw, grai sawng ai madang hpe hkan sa ra ai.
- IS 4804 (Daw 1) Tara: Hkrang shapraw ai arung arai galai shai ai jak a shadawn shadang n-gun gaw 2 Megaohms (MΩ) hta n yawm ging ai.
Ndai ra sharawng ai lam gaw mungkan madang law law hta grau nna n-gun ja ai majaw, Megger hte ayan chyam dinglik ra ai. Dai hta n-ga, jak rung ni a shingdu shingwang yawng hpe, Factories Act a shimlam hte seng ai tara ni hpe hkan sa lu hkra, kam mai ai hku npawt nhpang tawn da ra ai.
2. N-gun atsam hpe hkangzing ai lam hte makawp maga ai lam
India mungdan hta hpaga lam hta wan n-gun jaw ai lam gaw 415V (masum-phase) rai nga ai. Power cable ni hte matut mahkai ai shara ni hta BIS (ISI Mark) hku nna masat da ai insulation arung arai ni hpe lang na matu ahkyak nga ai. Hkamja lam hte seng nna, n-gun n-gun hpe lawan ladan dawm kau lu na matu, Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI) hpe bang da ra ai, dai hku nna, n-gun hpe lang ai wa hpe makawp maga ya lu ai.
II. Mechanical Pinch Hkrit tsang hpa hpe makawp maga ai lam: "Si hkrung si htan" shamu shamawt ai daw ni hpe yeng seng kau ai
Projection welding bungli galaw ai shara ni hta, Pound wan law law du hkra n-gun ja ai Forging Force hpe jai lang nna, bungli galaw ai wa a lata hte n-gup n-gu ni hpe pinch hkala nba byin wa na grai sawng ai hkrit tsang hpa byin shangun ai.
1. Kaji dik htum Electrode Gap Tara
Lata hkala nba hpe makawp maga na matu asan sha raitim grai kaja ai ladat langai gaw, electrode lapran na hpaw da ai gap hpe loi mi sha shayawm kau na lam re.
Tatut galaw mai ai hpaji jaw ga: Electrode gap hpe 1/4 inch (approx. 6.35 mm) hta n jan hkra pat shingdang da ra ai, tatut galaw mai ai shara ni hta, daw ni hpe n-gun dat ai shaloi, layung ni hkrit tsang hpa shara de n shang hkra hkum hkrang hku pat shingdang na matu .
2. Hpaji rawng ai shimlam shingnip shingna hte nhtoi htoi ai shingnip shingna
Dai ni na aten na projection welding bungli shara ni hta, jak rung ni hpe shinggrup na matu, Factories Act hta ra sharawng ai lam ni hpe hkan sa lu na matu, rawt jat galu kaba wa ai jak rung shimlam jak ni hpe lang ra ai:
| Makawp maga ai jak | Madung Magam Bungli | Indian hpaga lam hta jai lang ai masat masa | |
| 1 | Hkamja lam nhtoi shingnip | Masha langai a hkum hkrang daw gaw hkrit tsang hpa shara de shang wa ai shaloi, jak rung ni hpe shi hkrai shi jahkring kau ya ai. | Htai tsun ai aten gaw 15 milliseconds (ms) hta n-pu rai ra ai, pinch point hte n hkrum shi yang, jak hpe jahkring kau na matu sadi ra ai. |
| 2 | "Soft Touch" Hpaji Masa | Electrode ni gaw n-gun kaji dik htum hte shawng hpaw nna, magri daw ni hku nna wan n-gun hpe mu lu ai hpang she, hkum tsup ai forging pressure hpe jai lang ai. | Accidental activation (sh) operator error a majaw byin pru wa ai pinch hkala nba ni hpe atsawm sha makawp maga ya lu ai majaw, mawdaw galaw ai zawn re ai madang tsaw ai hpaga lam ni hta ra kadawn ai lam langai byin wa ai. |
| 3 | Hkyak hkyak hkring ai (E-Hkring ai) | Hkyak hkyak byin wa yang, n-gun yawng hpe kalang ta dawm kau na matu, operator hpe ahkang jaw ai. | Millisecond (ms) hta n-pu na trigger delay hte loi loi hte lu la mai ai rai ra ai. |
III. Katsi ai hpe makawp maga ai hte shapraw kau ai hpe hkang ai: Katsi ai hpe ninghkap ai "Safety Shield"
India mungdan shara law law hta nbung katsi ai lam grai law ai majaw, nbung katsi ai hpe makawp maga ai lam hte nbung hpe shapraw kau ai lam hpe hkang ai lam grau ahkyak nga ai. Hprawng shapraw ai (spatter) gaw wan hkru shangun nna, weld quality hpe hkra machyi shangun ai.
1. Tinang hkum hpe makawp maga ai arung arai ni (PPE)
Operator ni gaw BIS (ISI Mark) hku nna masat da ai PPE hkum hkra hpe bu hpun ra ai, dai hta:
- Katsi ai -hkap shingdang lu ai gloves hte wan -hkam sharang ai bungli palawng ni hpe lang nna, nbung laru kaba hte hka lim ai hpe hkam sharang lu na matu.
- Welding galaw ai shaloi myi hpe makawp maga na matu IS 818 ra sharawng ai lam ni hpe hkan sa ai shimlam myi man magap (sh) myi man magap ni, 1990 ning zawn re ai masa ni hpe makawp maga ya ai.
arc myi .
2. In-Depth Cooling System hpe sawk sagawn ai lam: Katsi ai shara ni hta asak hkrung lam
India mungdan hta grup yin nbung katsi ai lam gaw 45℃jan ai majaw, katsi ai ladat gaw welder a "asak hkrung lam" rai nga ai. Cooling system hkrat sum ai majaw, electrodes hte transformer ni hta lawan ladan nbung katsi wa ai majaw, weld quality hpe hkra machyi shangun ai sha n-ga, jak rung ni grai katsi mat ai, byin mai ai bawm kapaw ai lam, shing nrai, grai sawng ai hku shapraw kau hkrum ai lam ni hpe mung byin shangun chye ai.
- Hka a san seng ai lam hpe hkang zing ai lam: Deionized (sh) distilled hka hpe lang ra ai, hka n-gun hpe ayan jep yu ra ai. Hka n kaja ai gaw kata na hka htung ni hpe jahten kau ya nna, katsi ai hpe shapraw kau lu ai atsam hpe shayawm ya lu ai.
- Katsi ai lam hpe hkang ai: IS 4804 gaw transformer a katsi ai lam hpe grai pat shingdang da ai. Company ni gaw, katsi ai jak gaw, electrode a katsi ai hpe galaw shapraw ai wa tsun da ai shadawn shadang kata hta, 35℃npu hta tawn da na matu sadi ra ai.
- Flow hpe yu reng ai lam: Coolant lwi ai hpe tengman ai- aten hta yu reng ra ai. Flow gaw set point npu de hkrat mat yang, dai jak gaw kalang ta shutdown makawp maga ai sequence hpe galaw ra ai.
IV. Fume hte Dust hpe makawp maga ai lam: Nsa sa lam hkam kaja lam a matu "San seng ai ladat"
Projection welding gaw metal oxide wan hkut ni hte hkrit tsang hpa nbung ni hpe shapraw ya ai majaw, bungli galaw ai wa a nsa sa lam hpe aten galu-hkrit tsang hpa byin shangun ai. India mungdan a dingda daw, Vellore mare hta galaw ai sawk sagawn ai lam langai hta, PPE lang ai gaw, n-gun n rawng ai welding unit ni hta pyi, nsa sa lam, hkum hkrang, myi hte seng ai ana zinli ni kaw na 67% makawp maga ya lu ai hpe mu lu ai .
1. Buga kata na nbung pru ai lam (LEV)
Bungli galaw ai shara ni hta, nbung n-gun hte hkrit tsang hpa arai ni hpe hkang zing na matu, Factory Act hta ra sharawng ai lam ni hpe hkan sa ai, Local Exhaust Ventilation (LEV) system ni hpe bang da ra ai. LEV hpe welding galaw ai shara hte mai byin ai daram ni htep hkra tawn da nna, n kaja ai wan hkut ni hpe rim la nna shaw la ra ai, nbung a san seng ai lam gaw India mungdan na bungli hkamja lam madang ni hte maren rai hkra galaw ra ai.
2. Nsa sa lam hpe makawp maga ai lam hte grup yin hpe yu reng ai lam
Nbung n shang ai shara ni hta (sh) galvanized steel zawn re ai arung arai ni hpe welding galaw ai shaloi, bungli galaw ai ni gaw BIS kaw nna masat da ai nsa sa lam hpe makawp maga ai arung arai ni hpe lang ra ai. Dai hta n-ga, company ni gaw nbung san seng ai lam hpe aten kadun laman jep joi ai lam galaw ra ai, laksan hku nna zinc, cadmium, lead zawn re ai n-gun ja ai nhprang dat wan hkut ni a n-gun hpe jep joi ai lam galaw ra ai, dai hku nna India mungdan a bungli hkamja lam madang ni hta masat da ai shadawn shadang npu hta naw nga lu na matu re.
V. Hkum tsup ai hparan hpareng ai lam hte bungli galaw ai lam a tara masa ni: Systemic Safety hpe lu la na matu
India mungdan na hpaga lam hta, n htap htuk ai shimlam hparan ladat ni gaw, hkala nba byin shangun ai lam kaba rai nga ai . Projection welding bungli galaw ai shara hta shim lum lam a npawt nhpang gaw, hkrang masa hku hparan ai lam rai nga ai.
1. Makawp maga ai lam (PM) hpe jep joi ai lam
Regular PM gaw shim lum ai hku galaw na matu ahkyak ai. India mungdan na jak rung ni a matu lawu na checklist hpe hpaji jaw da ai:
| Lang masat | Jep joi ai arung arai | Madung masat masa / galaw ai lam | |
| 1 | Shani shagu | Katsi ai ladat | Hka madang, pump masat kumla hpe jep yu u;℃npu kaw hka lum ai hpe sadi u. |
| 2 | Bat shagu | Electrode a masa | Ra ai hku bu hpun ai, bu hpun ai (sh) galai ai hpe jep yu u; electrode n-gun (PSI (sh) kg/cm2 hku shadawn ai) gaw galaw ra ai lam ni hpe hkan sa ai hpe jep yu na. |
| 3 | Shata shagu | Wan n-gun hpe pat shingdang ai | Transformer a n-gun hpe Megger hte chyam yu nna, 2 MΩ hta grau kaba ai (sh) maren sha re ai hpe kam u. |
| 4 | Shata mali | Hkamja lam hte seng ai | Kalang ta jak hpe pat kau na matu Light Curtain, E-Stop, hte-lata hte hkang ai lam lahkawng hpe chyam yu u. |
| 5 | Bi-Shaning shagu | Ga npu npawt nhpang ladat | IS 3043 madang ni hpe hkan sa ai lam hpe jep yu na matu grounding n-gun hpe jep yu u. |
2. Hkyak hkyak karum shingtau ai lam (ERP)
Company ni gaw hkrit tsang hpa lam ni hpe hparan na matu ERP hpe gawgap nna ayan na drill galaw ra ai:
- Wan n-gun hpe shayawm kau na matu E-Stop hpe kalang ta dip dat u. Non-conductive arai ni hpe lang nna, hkala nba hkrum ai wa hpe nga ai shara kaw na tsan gang hkra galaw u. CPR hpe galaw hpang nna, tsi tsi hkam la na matu kalang ta shaga u.
- Hpa majaw nga yang, E-Stop hpe dip dat u. Dai shara gaw shim lum ai hpe n kam ai sha, jak (sh) hkala hkrum ai wa hpe htawt na matu galoi mung hkum shakut. Shawng nnan garum shingtau lam hpe shaga nna, Hkamja Lam Hkringmang wa hpe tsun dan u.
- Wan: E-Stop hpe dip dat u. Wan hpe pat kau na matu IS 3016 hte maren wan sat jak ni hpe lang u. N hkang lu yang, hprawng yen na matu galaw hpang u.
3. Wan n-gun (EMF) hpe makawp maga ai lam hte hparan ai lam
Projection welder ni gaw n-gun ja ai EMF ni hpe shapraw ya ai. EMF a majaw tsi mawan ni hkrat sum mat chye ai majaw, myit masin pacemaker (sh) defibrillator bang da ai operator ni hpe asan sha sadi jaw nna hkang zing ra ai .
- Hpaji masa: EMF n-gun hpe shim lum ai madang hta tawn da na matu, tsi mawan ni hpe bang da ai masha ni hpe welding galaw ai shara kaw nna bai garan jaw ra ai, shing nrai, shanhte a bungli galaw ai shara hpe welder galaw ai wa hte pe 3 (approx. 1 meter) jan tsan gang hkra tawn da ra ai.
VI. Manu jahpu-Akyu ara hpe sawk sagawn ai lam: Hkamja lam gaw manu jahpu n re, akyu lu shangun ai lam re
India mungdan na hpaga lam hta, SME law law gaw shimlam a matu gumhpraw bang ai hpe jai gumhpraw langai zawn mu mada ma ai. Raitim, Mungkan Bungli Hpung (ILO) hte kaga ni a sawk sagawn ai lam ni hta, Bungli Hkamja Lam hte Hkamja Lam (OHS) hta gumhpraw bang ai gaw sut masa lam hta grai kaja ai akyu ni lu la ai hpe mu lu ai.
| Hkrit tsang hpa mabyin | Mai byin ai manu jahpu (India hpaga hpung de) | Hkamja lam a matu gumhpraw bang ai a akyu | |
| 1 | Accident byin ai aten | Production sum mat ai, jak rung ni hpe gram lajang ai, order n galaw ai majaw ari jaw ai. | Hkamja lam hpe makawp maga ai lam (PM) gaw hkrat sum ai lam ni hpe shayawm ya nna, OEE (Overall Equipment Effectiveness) hpe jat ya ai. |
| 2 | Masha hkala nba | Tsi tsi ai lam a matu jai gumhpraw, hka wa na gumhpraw, tara upadi hte seng ai gumhpraw, Factories Act hte maren hka wa na. | Accident byin ai lam yawm wa ai, insurance manu jahpu yawm wa ai, tara upadi hte seng ai lit ni hpe koi lu ai. |
| 3 | Bungli hte seng ai machyi makaw | Aten galu-tsi tsi hkam la na matu jai gumhpraw, bungli galaw masha ni a myit n-gun yawm ai, bungli galaw masha ni a n-gun law ai. | Nbung n-gun hte PPE lang ai lam hpe grau kaja hkra galaw ya ai majaw, bungli galaw masha ni a hkamja lam hte bungli galaw ai lam hpe grau kaja hkra galaw ya lu ai. |
Daw dan lam
Hkamja lam hpe hkan sa ai lam gaw akyang lailen hte seng ai lit sha n rai, tara shang lit langai mi mung rai nga ai. IS 4804 zawn re ai BIS madang ni hpe ngang ngang kang kang hkan sa nna, "Soft Touch'"hpaji masa hte high-response nhtoi shingnip ni zawn re ai rawt jat galu kaba wa ai makawp maga lam ni hpe hpawng de ai hku nna, hpaga hpung ni gaw projection welding bungli galaw ai shara ni hta byin wa chye ai tsin-yam ni hpe grai shayawm lu na re. Hkamja lam hpe bungli galaw ai shara shagu hta "standard feature" hku nna galaw ai gaw, India mungdan a hpaga lam hta, hkrak ai hte ngang grin ai rawt jat galu kaba lam hpe lu la na matu ahkyak ai lam rai nga ai.
